For most people, a minor insect bite, or sting, may cause a little swelling
and itching. The site may be painful for a few hours. Bees, wasps, hornets,
fire ants, and yellow jackets are the worst offenders. Everyone reacts to
the toxic effects of insect venom. Some people are much more sensitive.
They may develop severe allergic reactions. Symptoms of insect bite allergy
usually begin a few minutes after the sting or bite. Mildly sensitive people
may have hives with intense itching and pain around the site as well as eye
itching. Very sensitive people may develop severe hives and life threatening
anaphylaxis. This condition causes:
a tight throat,
difficult breathing,
nausea and vomiting,
severe blood pressure drop,
confusion, and
severe anxiety.
Seek help right away by calling 911. Immediate treatment with epinephrine is
needed. Sometimes cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is needed. Later
treatment may involve other medications. Reactions that happen within minutes
are more severe. Reactions that take up to a few days to develop are less
severe. People who know they are sensitive should see a doctor after any sting,
regardless of severity. Act fast if bitten by a black widow spider, brown
recluse spider, scorpion, or if you have a violent toxic reaction. Many people
are sensitive without knowing it. Once an insect bite or sting allergy is
confirmed, prevention is the key. If you are sensitive, avoid walking barefoot
when outdoors. Do not disturb bee hives or hornet nests. Keep garbage cans
tightly covered to avoid attracting insects. Treat mild insect bites for
pain with a paste of baking soda. Apply a cold, wet cloth, or ice cubes.
Over-the-counter products, such as hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion,
reduce itching and swelling. If you have a severe insect allergy, always keep
an Epi-pen or Ana-kit handy. Those who have severe allergies should learn what
to do when bitten or stung. It is a good idea to teach co-workers and family
members how to respond, as well.
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